Concernant les Standard Development Organisation, il y en a 3 importantes sur Internet :

IEEE aux couches basses,
IETF aux couches moyennes,
W3C aux couches hautes (HTML, CSS. . .)

La normalisation est importante, elle facilite ou décourage certaines choses, elle est politique.

The EICAR test file is a computer file that was developed to test the response of computer antivirus (AV) programs. 😏

X5O!P%@AP[4\PZX54(P^)7CC)7}$EICAR-STANDARD-ANTIVIRUS-TEST-FILE!$H+H*

Similarly for email spam detection (GTUB - Generic Test for Unsolicited Bulk Email) :

XJS*C4JDBQADN1.NSBN3*2IDNEN*GTUBE-STANDARD-ANTI-UBE-TEST-EMAIL*C.34X

Wikipédia ❤️