<output> is currently underused in so many SPAs and apps, because it announces

Usages:

1. Circular menus or item lists
2. Wavy layouts (DNA strands, wave)

Fancy animations

Some clock display. See https://time.r0b.io/

ImageGallery - PhotoSwipe-powered image gallery with lightbox
AcademicReference - Academic citation system with tooltips
AnchorHeading - Linkable headings with clipboard functionality
Backlinks - Content relationship system
LinkPeek - Link preview system
SocialShare - Social sharing with clipboard
StructuredData - SEO schema generation
Image - Shared image pipeline (Astro assets + Unpic)

Use them as much as possible.
Exceptions are physical placement (anchor, ...)

Another CSS reset

How to store the traits related to an object? Typetag use a type property in JSON format and integrates with serde.

The parsers are different in JS, Python, Go and Java.

Number are not precise:

• MAX_SAFE_INTEGER limits the number. Twitter had to use an `id_str.
• decimal precision is unreliable (in JS) --> always use dedicated decimal types (Python’s Decimal, Java’s BigDecimal, JavaScript’s decimal libraries)
• UTF-8 encoding in JSON allow single unicode code points or composed ones. Use .normalize("NFC") for JS strings.
• the object key order should be alphabetically in JSON.
• Different languages handle absence of values (undefined, null or a missing property) differently.
• No time format is official, so it's always custom:

  {
  "iso_string": "2023-01-15T10:30:00.000Z",
  "unix_timestamp": 1673780200,
  "unix_milliseconds": 1673780200000,
  "date_only": "2023-01-15",
  "custom_format": "15/01/2023 10:30:00"
  }

• Different parsers fail differently on malformed JSON.

The twitter example is only one. There is also postgres that stores the format as JSON and JSONB (normalized).
MongoDB uses an extended JSON format.

Workarounds:

• Use Schema Validation!
• custom normalisation function#:~:text=Normalize%20Data%20Types%3A%20Ender%E2%80%99s%20Data%20Normalization%20Game)
• Tests! Numeric Precision Tests, Unicode and String Handling, Date and Time Consistency, Error Handling Uniformity, Cryptographic Consistency, Performance and Memory Behavior

A toolkit to bootstrap an application

#define MAKE_U32_FROM_TWO_U16(high, low) ( ((uint32_t)(high) << 16) | ((uint32_t)(low) & 0xFFFF) )

A great summary

After 25 years, the zoom property will get a spec.

Zoom affects the box model compared to tranform: scale()

To show scrollbars only when they’re needed (while keeping space for the scrollbar if it’s added later) use the scrollbar-gutter CSS property: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/scrollbar-gutter

Note it's baseline 2024, so it's useful to hide it behind the @supports media query.

A janky scroll animation on focus can be solved with overflow: clip

The latest CSS features, similar to What you need to know about modern CSS (2025 edition) from Frontend Masters

Another post about type branding.

Raw HTML and CSS?

1. It's fast
2. It's easy
3. Pure HTML is evergreen
4. I can host it anywhere, often for free
5. Accessibility and SEO benefits are automatic
6. It won’t need security patches
7. There are no build steps